تاثیر میکروبیوم روده بر اوتیسم

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with

unique characteristics in information processing and social interactions. Recent

research indicates that the gut-brain axis, particularly through the vagus nerve, plays

a role in the pathophysiology of autism. Factors such as gut microbiome composition,

mode of delivery (birth method), antibiotic use, and diet can influence this connection.

This analytical review examines the current evidence regarding this relationship.

Methods: The research methodology of this study is based on a structured review

conducted through a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.

Key search terms included "Autism Spectrum Disorder," "Gut-Brain Axis," "Gut Microbiota,

Studies published between 2010 and 2024 were collected and screened based on inclusion

criteria encompassing human and animal studies, availability of full-text articles, and

publication in peer-reviewed journals.

Result: Research indicates that dysfunction of the gut-brain axis, particularly through

the vagus nerve pathway, plays a determinant role in the pathophysiology of ASD

.Studies confirm a significant reduction in microbial diversity and ecological imbalance

in the gut microbiota of ASD patients. Specifically, butyrate-producing bacteria show

up to 50% reduction while pro-inflammatory bacteria demonstrate up to 3-fold

increase. These alterations are accompanied by impaired vagus nerve signaling,

which plays a crucial role in bidirectional gut-brain communication .The consequences

include reduced production of essential metabolites, increased blood-brain barrier

permeability, and activation of systemic inflammatory responses. Risk factors such as

cesarean delivery (23% increased odds ratio) and childhood antibiotic exposure (34%

increased relative risk) exacerbate this dysbiosis .The findings suggest that targeted

interventions modulating microbiota and improving vagus nerve function could provide

effective therapeutic approaches for managing ASD .gut-brain communication. The

consequences include reduced production of essential metabolites, increased bloodbrain barrier permeability, and activation of systemic inflammatory responses. Risk

factors such as cesarean delivery (23% increased odds ratio) and childhood antibiotic

exposure (34% increased relative risk) exacerbate this dysbiosis. The findings suggest

that targeted interventions modulating microbiota and improving vagu nerve function

could provide effective therapeutic approaches fofor managing ASD.