چطور فهرست سطح‌بندی‌شده‌ی واژه‌های ضروری انگلیسی را استخراج کردم؟

صورت مسئله

آکسفورد یک مجموعه ی 3000 واژه ای و یک مجموعه ای 5000 واژه ای دارد که «هر زبان آموزی باید آنها را بلد باشد». 3000 واژه ی اول مربوط به سطوح A1 تا B1 (از چارچوب مرجع اروپا یا همان CEFR) است و 5000 واژه، علاوه بر داشتن آن 3000 واژه، 2000 واژه ی دیگر هم مربوط به سطوح B2 و C1 دارد. این واژه ها هم شامل پرکاربردترین واژه‌های پیکره ی 2 میلیارد واژه‌ای آکسفورد هستند و هم شامل واژه‌های پرکاربردی که زبان‌آموزان در طول یادگیری زبان معمولن به کار می برند (توضیحات فهرست واژه های آکسفورد).

فهرست 3000 واژه ای لانگمن هم مجموعه ای از واژه های پرکاربرد زبان انگلیسی است که از یک پیکره ی 390 میلیون واژه ای استخراج شده و 86 درصد زبان را پوشش می دهند. یعنی اگر کسی این 3000 واژه را بداند، می‌تواند 86 درصد واژه‌های متن‌ها و صحبت‌های انگلیسی را بفهمد (فایل پی دی اف توضیحات واژه‌های لانگمن).

اما این واژه‌ها به ترتیب حروف الفبا مرتب شده اند. من برای یادگرفتن این واژه‌ها دنبال سطح هر واژه، تعریف آنها و مثال هایشان بودم تا بتوانم به مرور همه ی این واژه ها را یاد بگیرم.

در آکسفورد و لانگمن، سطح هر واژه مشخص نشده است. برای همین از دیکشنری کمبریج استفاده کردم. در این واژه نامه، بعضی واژه ها سطح بندی شده اند و سطح آنها در کنارشان نوشته شده است (این سطح‌بندی لزومن با سطح بندی آکسفورد یکسان نیست).

مراحل کار

حالا که منابع مورد نیاز فراهم بود، باید به این ترتیب عمل می کردم:

• 1- فهرست واژه های آکسفورد و لانگمن را استخراج می کردم.
• 2- بین این سه فهرست (3000 واژه ی آکسفورد، 5000 واژه ی آکسفورد و 3000 واژه ی لانگمن) اجتماع می گرفتم.
• 3- واژه های فهرست نهایی را در دیکشنری کمبریج جستجو می کردم و سطح آنها را استخراج می کردم.

برای قدم اول از این مخزن استفاده کردم که واژه های این فهرست ها را در فایل تکست قرار داده است.

برای قدم دوم، از pivot table اکسل استفاده کردم و با حذف واژه های تکراری به فهرستی شامل 5120 واژه رسیدم.

در نهایت برای قدم سوم، با کمک کتابخانه ی simple_html_dom در php یک خزشگر ساده نوشتم. کار این خزشگر این بود که هر بار یک واژه را از فهرست می خواند، آن را در دیکشنری کمبریج جستجو می کرد و سطح واژه، تعریف واژه و مثال های آن را استخراج می کرد.

ini_set ('max_execution_time', '3000'); //50 minutes
require 'simple_html_dom.php';
$words = file (&quotwords.txt&quot, FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES);
$defs = fopen(&quotdefs.txt&quot,&quotw&quot);
foreach ( $words as $word ) {	
	$html = file_get_html(&quothttps://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/&quot.$word);
	$line = $word.&quot^"	
	//if the word doesn't exist.
	if ($html->find(&quottitle&quot, 0)->plaintext === &quotCambridge English Dictionary: Meanings &
Definitions&quot) {
		$line .= &quot-^-^-"
	}	
	//if the word exists.
	else {
		//add definition
		$line .= $html->find('.def.ddef_d.db', 0)->plaintext.=&quot^"		
		//add examples (if exists)
		if ( $html->find('.examp.dexamp', 0) !== null) {
			foreach ($html->find(&quot.def-block.ddef_block&quot, 0)->find('.examp.dexamp') as $example) {
				$line .= $example->plaintext.&quot|"
			}
			$line = substr ($line, 0, -1); //remove last &quot|&quot char.
		} else {
			$line.= &quot-"
		}
		$line .= &quot^"		
		//add level (if exists)
		if ($html->find(&quot.epp-xref.dxref&quot, 0) !== null) {
			$level = $html->find(&quot.epp-xref.dxref&quot, 0)->plaintext;
			$line .= $level;
		} else {
			$line .= &quot-"
		}
	}	
	//remove additional whitespaces.
	$line = preg_replace('/\s+/', ' ', $line);
	fwrite($defs, $line.&quot\n&quot);
	echo $line.&quot\n\n"
}
fclose ($words);
fclose ($defs);

نتیجه

در نهایت این آمار به دست آمد:

• واژه های سطح A1: تعداد 546 واژه
• واژه های سطح A2: تعداد 675 واژه
• واژه های سطح B1: تعداد 1080 واژه
• واژه های سطح B2: تعداد 1305 واژه
• واژه های سطح C1: تعداد 535 واژه
• واژه های سطح C2: تعداد 436 واژه
• واژه هایی که سطح بندی آن ها در کمبریج نبود: تعداد 534 واژه

نمودار زیر واژه های سطح بندی شده را به تفکیک منبع فهرست واژه نشان می دهد.

با این فهرست چه می شود کرد؟

• می توان این فهرست را در نرم افزارهای فلش کارت (مانند نرم افزار قوی Anki) وارد کرد و به مرور یاد گرفت.
• می توان از این فهرست برای تدریس موثرتر زبان انگلیسی استفاده کرد.

خود واژه ها

سطح A1

a, about, above, ad, address, adult, after, afternoon, again, age, all, all right, also, always, an, and, animal, answer, any, anything, apple, april, arm, at, august, baby, bad, bag, ball, banana, band, bank, bar, baseball, basketball, bat, bath, bathroom, be, beach, bean, beard, beautiful, because, bed, bedroom, beer, before, begin, behind, below, best, better, between, big, bike, bird, birthday, biscuit, black, blue, boat, body, book, boot, bored, boring, both, bottom, box, boy, bread, breakfast, brother, brown, bus, business, but, butter, buy, bye, cafe, cake, camera, can, cannot, car, carry, cat, catch, CD, change, cheap, cheese, child, chip, chocolate, choose, city, class, clean, clever, clock, close, closed, clothes, coat, coffee, cold, colour, come, computer, conversation, cook, country, course, cow, cup, dad, dance, date, daughter, day, december, desk, dictionary, die, different, difficult, dinner, do, doctor, dog, dollar, door, draw, dress, drink, drive, driver, DVD, each, ear, early, easy, eat, egg, eight, eighteen, eleven, email, enjoy, evening, every, example, excited, exciting, expensive, eye, face, factory, family, famous, farm, fast, fat, father, favourite, february, feel, fifteen, film, find, fine, finish, first, fish, five, floor, flower, food, foot, football, for, four, fourteen, friday, friend, from, fruit, fun, funny, game, garden, get, girl, give, glass, go, good, good morning, good night, goodbye, grass, green, grey, group, guitar, hair, hand, happy, hat, he, head, hear, hello, help, her, here, hi, him, his, holiday, home, homework, horse, hospital, hot, hotel, hour, house, hungry, husband, I, ice cream, important, in, interesting, internet, into, invite, it, its, jacket, january, jeans, job, juice, july, june, key, kick, kitchen, knife, know, language, late, learn, leave, leg, lesson, letter, life, like, listen, little, long, look, lot, love, lunch, make, man, many, me, meal, meat, meet, message, milk, minute, mobile, mom, monday, money, month, more, morning, mother, mouth, movie, much, mum, museum, music, my, name, near, need, never, new, newspaper, next, nice, night, nine, nineteen, no, noise, nose, not, note, november, now, number, o’clock, o'clock, october, of, of course, often, oh, OK, old, on, one, only, or, orange, other, our, outside, page, paint, paper, parent, park, party, pay, pen, pencil, people, person, pet, phone, photo, picture, pig, pizza, place, plane, plant, plate, play, player, please, poor, possible, potato, practise, problem, put, question, radio, rain, read, reading, ready, red, refrigerator, remember, rice, ride, right, river, road, room, run, sad, safe, salt, same, sandwich, saturday, say, school, sea, second, see, send, sentence, september, seven, seventeen, she, sheep, shirt, shoe, shop, shopping, short, show, shower, sing, sister, sit, six, sixteen, skirt, slim, slow, small, smoking, snow, some, something, sometimes, son, soup, speak, sport, start, station, stay, stop, street, student, study, sugar, summer, sun, sunday, sweet, swim, table, talk, tall, taxi, tea, teach, television, tell, ten, tennis, test, than, thanks, that, the, their, them, then, there, they, thing, think, thirteen, this, three, thursday, ticket, tired, today, together, toilet, tomato, tomorrow, tonight, too, tooth, town, train, travel, tree, trousers, t-shirt, tuesday, tv, twelve, twenty, two, under, understand, university, until, us, use, vacation, vegetable, very, village, visit, wait, wake, walk, wall, want, warm, wash, watch, water, we, wear, weather, website, wednesday, week, weekend, well, what, when, where, which, white, who, why, wife, wind, window, wine, winter, with, woman, word, work, world, write, wrong, year, yellow, yes, yesterday, you, young, your, cellphone, chair, classroom, credit card, dancing, mobile phone, restaurant, supermarket, teacher, to, waiter

سطح A2

able, accident, across, actor, actually, add, adventure, advertisement, advice, afraid, afterwards, against, aged, ago, agree, air, airport, album, alcohol, almost, alone, along, already, ambulance, angry, another, any more, anyone, anyway, anywhere, apartment, appointment, around, arrive, art, artist, as, attractive, aunt, autumn, available, away, awful, badly, bake, balloon, battery, become, beginning, believe, belt, beside, bicycle, bill, biology, birth, bit, block, blonde, blood, boil, born, borrow, boss, bottle, bowl, boyfriend, brain, break, bridge, bring, broken, brush, build, building, businessman, busy, by, cabinet, calendar, camping, candy, cap, capital, careful, carefully, carpet, carrot, cartoon, cash, castle, ceiling, cent, centre, century, certainly, channel, chat, check, chef, chemistry, cheque, chicken, church, cigarette, cinema, circle, cleaner, clear, click, closet, cloud, club, colleague, collect, college, comfortable, company, comparative, complete, concert, congratulation, cooker, cookie, cooking, copy, corner, correct, cost, could, countryside, cousin, cover, crazy, cream, cross, crowd, crowded, cry, cupboard, curtain, customer, cut, daily, dancer, danger, dangerous, dark, dead, decide, deep, defence, delay, dentist, department, describe, desert, diary, difference, digital, dirty, discount, discuss, dish, document, double, down, downstairs, downtown, drawer, drawing, dream, dressed, drum, dry, duck, during, each other, earn, easily, east, eighty, electric, electricity, else, empty, end, engine, engineer, enough, enter, entrance, especially, euro, even, ever, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, exactly, exam, excellent, except, exercise, exit, explain, extra, fact, fall, fan, fantastic, far, farmer, fashion, few, field, fifth, fifty, file, fill, final, finally, finger, fire, fishing, flight, fly, follow, foreign, forest, fork, forty, fourth, fridge, friendly, front, full, furniture, garage, garlic, gate, geography, gift, girlfriend, glad, glove, goal, gold, golden, golf, gram, grammar, grandad, grandfather, grandma, grandmother, grandpa, grandparent, granny, great, grow, guess, guest, guy, gym, half, hall, handbag, happen, hard, hate, have, headache, health, healthy, heart, heating, heavy, helicopter, hers, herself, hey, high, highway, hill, himself, history, hit, hobby, hockey, hold, honey, hope, horrible, how, hundred, hurry, hurt, ice, idea, if, ill, immediately, improve, include, including, indoor, information, insect, instead, instrument, interested, international, invitation, island, itself, jam, jazz, jewellery, journey, jump, jumper, just, keep, keyboard, kill, kilometre, kind, king, kiss, lake, lamp, large, last, later, latest, laugh, lazy, leather, left, lemon, lend, less, library, licence, lie, line, lion, list, litre, lose, lost, loud, lovely, luck, lucky, lunchtime, machine, magazine, magic, mail, make-up, manager, map, married, match, may, maybe, mean, mechanic, meeting, member, menu, metre, middle, midnight, might, million, mine, mirror, missing, mistake, mix, modern, moment, moon, mosque, most, motorcycle, motorway, mountain, mouse, move, mushroom, musical, must, myself, national, nature, nearly, neck, neighbour, news, ninety, no one, nobody, noisy, noon, normal, north, notebook, nothing, nurse, occupation, ocean, offer, office, once, onion, online, open, opera, order, ours, ourselves, own, pack, pain, painter, painting, pair, pardon, part, passenger, passport, past, path, pepper, per, perfect, perhaps, petrol, photograph, photographer, photography, physics, piano, piece, pilot, pink, plan, plastic, pleasant, pleased, plus, pocket, police, policeman, polite, pop, popular, possibly, post, poster, pound, pray, prefer, prepare, present, president, price, printer, prize, probably, program, programme, pub, pull, pupil, purple, purse, push, quarter, queen, quick, quickly, quiet, race, railway, rat, real, reason, receipt, receive, record, rent, repair, repeat, return, rich, roof, round, rugby, runner, sailing, salad, sauce, sausage, science, screen, seat, secretary, sell, serve, seventy, several, shame, share, sheet, shelf, ship, should, shout, shut, sick, side, silver, simple, singer, singing, sixty, size, skiing, sky, slice, slowly, snake, so, soap, soccer, sock, soft, software, someone, somewhere, song, soon, sorry, sort, sound, south, space, special, spell, spelling, spend, spring, square, staff, stair, stamp, stand, star, steak, steal, still, stomach, storm, story, straight, strange, strong, such, suit, supper, suppose, sure, surprise, surprised, sweater, swimming, team, teenager, telephone, temperature, term, terrible, textbook, thank, theatre, theirs, themselves, thin, third, thirsty, thirty, thousand, through, throw, tidy, till, time, toast, toe, top, tour, tourist, towel, toy, traffic, trip, TRUE, try, tune, twice, type, tyre, umbrella, uncle, unfortunately, unhappy, uniform, unusual, up, upstairs, useful, usual, usually, various, video, visitor, war, way, weekly, west, wet, wheel, while, whilst, whole, wide, will, win, windy, winner, without, wonderful, wood, wooden, wool, worker, worried, worry, worse, worst, wow, yeah, yet, yours, yourself, zero, blanket, centimetre, clearly, download, elephant, elevator, envelope, laptop, mathematics, monkey, post office, somebody, spoon

سطح B1

ability, abroad, absent, absolutely, accent, accept, acceptable, access, accidentally, accommodation, accompany, according to, account, accountant, accurate, accurately, achieve, achievement, active, admire, admission, admit, advanced, advantage, advert, advertise, advise, afford, agency, ahead, aim, airline, alarm, alcoholic, alike, alive, allow, although, altogether, amazed, amazing, ambition, among, amount, amusing, ancient, angel, angrily, ankle, anniversary, announce, announcement, annoy, annoyed, annoying, annual, anxious, apart, apologize, apology, appear, application, apply, approach, approximately, architect, architecture, area, argue, argument, army, arrange, arrangement, arrest, arrival, article, ashamed, ask, asleep, assignment, assistant, athlete, attach, attack, attempt, attend, attention, attitude, attract, attraction, audience, author, average, avoid, awake, backwards, bacon, ballet, bargain, basic, basket, battle, bay, beat, beauty, bee, beef, behave, behaviour, bell, benefit, besides, beyond, bin, biography, bite, blame, blank, bleed, blind, blog, blow, bomb, bone, booking, border, bounce, brave, breast, breath, breathe, bride, brief, briefly, bright, brilliant, broad, bucket, bug, builder, bunch, burn, bury, butcher, button, buyer, cabin, calculator, call, calm, camp, canal, cancel, cancer, candle, captain, card, career, careless, case, casual, cattle, cave, celebrate, celebration, central, ceremony, certain, certificate, challenge, challenging, champion, championship, chance, chapter, character, charge, charity, charming, cheek, cheerful, childhood, choice, cliff, climate, clinic, coach, coast, coin, collar, collection, colourful, comedy, comfort, comic, comment, common, communicate, communication, compare, competitor, complain, complaint, completely, complicated, concentrate, condition, conference, confident, confirm, confused, confusing, connect, consider, contact, contain, contest, continent, continue, contract, control, convenient, convince, cool, corn, correction, correctly, cottage, cotton, count, couple, crash, create, creative, creature, crew, crime, criminal, crop, cruel, cultural, culture, curious, curly, currency, curriculum, cushion, custom, damage, deaf, death, decision, decorate, decrease, defeat, defend, definitely, delete, delicious, delighted, deliver, delivery, demand, depart, departure, depend, depressed, depth, description, deserve, design, designer, despite, destination, destroy, detail, detective, develop, development, diagram, diet, differently, difficulty, dig, direct, direction, directly, director, dirt, disabled, disadvantage, disagree, disappear, disappoint, disappointed, disappointing, disappointment, discover, discussion, disease, disgusting, disk, dislike, display, distance, district, dive, divide, divorce, divorced, documentary, doubt, dozen, drama, drop, due, dull, dust, duty, earth, eastern, economics, edge, education, effect, efficient, effort, either, elbow, elderly, election, electrical, electronic, elementary, embarrassed, embarrassing, embassy, emergency, employ, employee, employer, employment, encourage, ending, enemy, energy, engaged, engineering, enjoyable, enormous, entertain, entertainment, entry, environment, environmental, equal, equipment, escape, essay, essential, event, exact, exchange, excitement, excuse, exhibition, exist, expect, expedition, experience, experienced, experiment, expert, explanation, explode, explore, extraordinary, extremely, facility, fair, fairly, familiar, fancy, fare, fashionable, fasten, fault, fear, fee, feed, feeling, female, festival, fetch, fever, fiction, fight, figure, film-maker, financial, firefighter, firework, fit, fitness, fix, flag, flat, flavour, float, flood, flow, flu, fold, fond, fool, forecast, foreigner, forever, forget, forgive, former, fortnight, fortunately, forward, frame, freeze, freezer, frequent, frequently, fresh, friendship, frightened, frightening, frog, fry, fuel, full-time, fully, fur, further, future, gain, gallery, gap, garbage, gay, generation, generous, gentle, ghost, giant, glance, gorgeous, government, grab, grant, graphics, grateful, grave, greet, ground, guard, guide, guilty, gun, habit, hang, happily, happiness, harbour, hardly, headline, heat, heater, heavily, height, helpful, herb, hero, hidden, hide, hire, historic, historical, hole, honest, hopeful, hopefully, hopeless, huge, human, humour, hunger, hunt, illness, imagination, imagine, importance, impossible, improvement, inch, incorrect, increase, indeed, indoors, inform, ingredient, injure, ink, inquiry, insist, install, instructor, intelligent, intend, interest, intermediate, interrupt, interview, invent, invention, involve, iron, issue, item, jail, jet, join, joke, journalist, keen, kettle, kid, killing, kit, knee, knock, knowledge, lab, label, laboratory, lack, ladder, lady, lamb, landscape, lately, law, lawyer, leader, leaf, league, least, lecture, leisure, length, let, lift, light, likely, limit, limited, lip, liquid, literature, live, lively, loan, local, locate, location, lock, logo, lonely, lorry, loudly, lover, low, luckily, luxury, mad, madam, magnificent, main, mainly, male, mall, manage, marriage, marry, marvellous, mate, maximum, meaning, meanwhile, medicine, medium, membership, memory, mention, mess, messy, metal, method, mile, millimetre, mind, minimum, miserable, miss, monster, monthly, mood, mostly, murder, musician, mystery, narrow, nasty, natural, nearby, neat, necessary, neighbourhood, nervous, net, nightmare, no way, none, northern, notice, novel, nowadays, nowhere, object, obvious, obviously, off, oil, old-fashioned, onto, opinion, opportunity, option, orchestra, ordinary, organization, organize, original, otherwise, ought to, out, outdoor, outdoors, oven, over, overnight, owe, owner, packet, painful, palace, pan, parcel, parking, particularly, partly, part-time, pass, password, patient, penny, percent, perfectly, period, permanent, permission, permit, personal, personally, persuade, photocopy, pick, pie, pile, pill, pin, pipe, plain, planet, pleasure, plenty, plug, poem, poet, poetry, point, political, politician, politics, pollution, population, port, position, positive, possibility, postpone, pot, pour, powder, powerful, prayer, predict, pregnant, preparation, prepared, prescription, presentation, press, pretty, prevent, previous, previously, priest, prince, princess, principal, prison, prisoner, private, produce, product, profession, professor, progress, promise, pronounce, proper, property, protect, proud, provide, publish, pump, punish, pure, purpose, qualification, qualified, quality, quantity, questionnaire, queue, quietly, quit, quite, rail, raise, range, rare, rarely, rather, raw, reach, reader, realize, really, rebuild, recent, recently, recipe, recognize, recommend, recording, recover, recycle, reduce, refuse, region, register, registration, regular, relative, relax, relaxed, relaxing, reliable, religion, remain, remind, remove, replace, reply, report, reporter, request, require, rescue, research, reservation, reserve, resort, respect, responsible, rest, result, retire, revision, reward, rid, rise, rob, robot, rock, romance, romantic, rough, route, routine, row, rubbish, rude, rule, salary, sand, satisfied, save, scared, scary, scene, scientific, scientist, score, scream, sculpture, search, secondary, secret, section, security, seem, select, sensible, separate, serious, seriously, service, session, sew, sex, shade, shadow, shake, shall, shape, sharp, shave, shine, shiny, shock, shocked, shocking, shoot, shore, shoulder, shy, sight, sign, silence, silent, silk, silly, similar, sink, sir, site, situated, situation, ski, skill, skin, sleep, slip, smart, smell, smile, smoke, smooth, social, society, soldier, solution, solve, somehow, sore, southern, spare, speaker, spectacular, speech, speed, spicy, spider, spill, spite, spoil, spot, stall, statue, steep, step, stick, sticky, stir, stone, store, stranger, strawberry, stream, stress, strict, studio, stuff, stupid, style, subject, succeed, success, successful, suddenly, suffer, suggest, suggestion, suitable, sum, surprising, surprisingly, surround, switch, system, tablet, take, talent, talented, taste, tax, teaching, tear, technique, technology, teenage, temple, temporary, terrific, text, therefore, thick, thief, though, throat, tie, tiny, tissue, title, tongue, topic, total, totally, touch, tourism, tournament, towards, tower, trade, traditional, trainer, training, transfer, translate, translation, traveller, trend, trick, trouble, truck, trust, tunnel, twin, typical, ugly, unable, unbelievable, uncomfortable, underneath, underwear, unemployed, unemployment, unexpected, unfair, unit, universe, unknown, unless, unlikely, unnecessary, unpleasant, upper, urgent, used, useless, user, valley, valuable, value, van, variety, vehicle, vet, via, view, visa, voice, vote, wage, wardrobe, warn, warning, waste, wave, weak, web, wedding, weigh, weight, western, whenever, wherever, whether, whose, wildlife, willing, wing, wish, within, wonder, working, workout, worth, would, wrap, writer, writing, zone, celebrity, chemist, cruise, enquiry, farming, flour, frozen, grocery, hardware, located, lottery, pants, paragraph, phrase, pirate, provided, providing, rose, sailor, season, signature, spy, tent, thought, thumb, written, yard

سطح B2

abandon, abolish, absence, absolute, absorb, abstract, absurd, abuse, academic, accessible, accuracy, accuse, acid, acquire, act, action, activity, actual, adapt, addiction, addition, additional, additionally, adequate, adequately, adjust, adjustment, adopt, adoption, advance, advertising, affair, affect, affection, agent, aggressive, agreement, agriculture, aircraft, alter, alternative, aluminium, ambassador, ambitious, analyse, analysis, analyst, ancestor, anger, annually, anxiety, anyhow, apparent, apparently, appearance, appreciate, appreciation, appropriate, appropriately, approval, approve, approximate, armed, arrow, artificial, artistic, aside, aspect, assess, assessment, assist, assistance, association, assume, assure, astonishing, atmosphere, attachment, authority, automatic, automatically, availability, award, aware, awkward, back, background, backup, badge, balance, balanced, ban, bang, bare, barely, barrier, base, basement, basically, beam, bear, beg, behalf, belief, belong, bench, bend, beneath, beneficial, betray, billion, biological, bitter, bizarre, blade, board, boast, boiling, bold, bombing, bond, bonus, boost, bother, bound, bow, branch, brand, breakdown, breakthrough, breed, brick, broadband, broadcast, browser, budget, bullet, bump, burst, bush, cable, calculate, calculation, campus, candidate, capable, capacity, capture, carbon, care, cast, catalogue, category, cause, cautious, cease, cemetery, certainty, chain, chaos, characteristic, charm, chart, chase, cheat, cheer, chemical, chest, chief, choir, chop, circumstance, citizen, civilization, claim, classic, clause, client, climb, closely, cloth, clothing, clue, coastal, code, coincidence, collapse, collector, column, combination, combine, command, commerce, commercial, commit, commitment, committee, community, companion, comparison, compete, competition, competitive, complex, compose, composer, composition, compromise, compulsory, concentration, concept, concerned, concerning, concrete, conduct, confess, confession, confidence, confirmation, conflict, confuse, confusion, congratulate, connection, conscious, consequence, consequently, conservation, considerable, considerably, consideration, constant, constantly, construct, construction, consultant, consumer, container, contemporary, content, context, continuous, contrary, contrast, contribute, contribution, controversial, convenience, conventional, convert, convinced, cooperate, cooperation, cooperative, cope, copper, corporation, correspond, corridor, costume, council, counter, county, courage, court, courtesy, crack, craft, crawl, creation, creativity, credit, crisis, critical, critically, criticism, criticize, crucial, cure, curiosity, current, currently, curve, dairy, dare, darkness, darling, data, database, dawn, deadline, deadly, deal, dealer, dear, debate, debt, decent, decisive, deck, declare, decline, decoration, deeply, defender, define, definite, definition, degree, deliberate, deliberately, delicate, delight, democracy, democratic, demonstrate, dense, deny, dependent, depressing, depression, deprive, descend, desirable, desktop, desperately, destruction, detailed, determination, determined, device, devote, dialogue, diamond, differ, dilemma, dimension, dip, diplomat, disability, disagreement, disaster, disc, discipline, discourage, discovery, dishonest, disposal, disrupt, distant, distinction, distinguish, distract, distribute, disturb, diverse, division, domestic, dominate, donate, donation, dose, dot, draft, drag, dramatic, dramatically, drown, drug, dynamic, eager, earnings, earthquake, ease, ecological, economic, economy, edit, edition, editor, educate, educated, educational, effective, effectively, efficiency, efficiently, elect, electronics, elegant, element, elsewhere, embarrassment, emerge, emotion, emotional, emotionally, emphasis, emphasize, enable, encounter, encouragement, encouraging, endless, endure, enquire, ensure, entertaining, enthusiasm, enthusiastic, entire, entirely, entitle, episode, equality, equally, equip, era, error, essentially, establish, estate, estimate, eventually, evidence, evident, evil, evolution, examination, examine, exception, exceptional, existence, existing, exotic, expand, expansion, expectation, expected, expense, exploit, explosion, export, expose, express, expression, extend, extension, extensive, extent, external, extract, extreme, factor, fade, fail, failure, faith, FALSE, fame, fantasy, fascinating, fatal, fate, favour, favourable, feather, feature, feedback, fellow, fierce, fighting, finance, firm, firmly, firstly, fixed, flame, flash, flexibility, flexible, folk, following, forbid, force, form, formerly, forthcoming, fortunate, fortune, frankly, free, freedom, freely, frighten, frustration, function, functional, funeral, furious, furthermore, gambling, gang, gas, gasoline, gather, gaze, gear, gender, general, generally, generate, gentleman, gently, genuine, genuinely, global, god, govern, grade, gradually, graduate, graph, greatly, grief, grip, growth, guarantee, guidance, guilt, handful, handle, harm, harmful, harvest, haunt, headquarters, heal, hell, helmet, hesitate, highlight, highly, hint, hip, honestly, honesty, honour, hook, horror, host, household, however, hunting, ideal, ideally, identical, identification, identify, identity, idiot, ignore, illegal, illustrate, immediate, immigrant, immigration, impatient, implement, import, impress, impression, impressive, incident, income, increasingly, incredible, independence, independent, indicate, individual, industrial, industry, infection, inflation, influence, informal, inhabitant, initial, initially, injured, injury, inner, innocent, input, inside, inspector, inspiration, inspire, instant, instantly, institute, institution, insult, insurance, intellectual, intelligence, intensive, intention, interact, interactive, interfere, interior, internal, introduce, introduction, invade, invasion, invest, investigate, investigation, investigator, investment, investor, invisible, involvement, joint, joy, judge, jury, justice, justify, kingdom, known, land, landing, landlord, lane, lap, largely, laser, latter, layer, lead, leading, leaflet, leak, lean, learning, legal, legend, level, liberty, lick, lid, lifestyle, lifetime, link, literally, literary, litter, liver, living, load, logical, long-term, loose, loss, lower, loyal, loyalty, lung, lyric, magical, maintain, maintenance, major, majority, management, manner, manufacture, manufacturer, manufacturing, marathon, mark, marketing, mask, massive, master, material, mathematical, matter, mature, meaningful, means, meantime, measure, mechanical, medal, media, medical, medieval, melt, memorable, mental, mere, merely, military, minister, minor, minority, miracle, misery, misleading, mixture, modest, monitor, monument, moral, moreover, motivation, motive, motor, motorist, movement, moving, mud, muscle, mysterious, myth, nail, naked, nation, nationwide, native, naughty, necessarily, needle, negative, neighbouring, neither, network, nevertheless, newly, nicely, nod, nonsense, nor, normally, novelist, nuclear, nuisance, nursery, nut, obey, objection, objective, obligation, observation, observe, obsession, obtain, occasion, occasionally, occupy, occur, odd, offence, offend, offender, offensive, officer, operate, operator, opponent, oppose, opposite, optimistic, oral, organic, organized, organizer, origin, originally, outer, outstanding, overall, overcome, overlook, overseas, overtime, oxygen, pace, package, pale, panic, parade, parliament, partial, participate, particular, partner, passage, passion, passionate, passive, patience, pattern, pause, payment, peace, peaceful, peak, peculiar, penalty, pension, percentage, perform, performance, permanently, personality, phase, philosopher, philosophy, physical, pint, pitch, pity, planning, plot, poison, poisonous, policy, pond, pool, popularity, portrait, potential, potentially, poverty, power, practical, practically, practice, praise, precious, precise, precisely, predictable, prediction, preference, prejudice, presence, preserve, presidency, presidential, presumably, pretend, prevention, pride, primarily, primary, priority, privacy, probable, procedure, process, producer, production, productive, professional, profit, profitable, prohibit, project, promote, promotion, proof, proposal, propose, proposed, prospect, protection, protective, protest, prove, psychological, psychologist, psychology, public, publication, publicity, pudding, punch, punishment, purchase, qualify, query, racial, racism, rage, rape, rapid, rapidly, rate, ray, react, reaction, readily, realistic, reality, rear, reasonable, reasonably, rebel, recall, reception, recession, reckon, recommendation, recovery, reduction, referee, reference, reflect, reflection, refugee, regain, regard, regional, regret, regulation, reject, related, relation, relationship, relatively, release, relevant, relief, relieved, religious, rely, remaining, remains, remark, remarkable, remedy, remote, renew, representative, reputation, requirement, researcher, resident, resign, resource, respond, response, responsibility, restore, retired, retirement, reveal, revenge, revise, revolution, revolutionary, rhythm, ridiculous, ring, rip, risk, risky, robbery, rocket, role, roll, rope, roughly, royal, rub, rubber, ruin, rumour, rural, rush, sadly, safety, sail, sake, sale, sample, satellite, satisfaction, satisfy, saving, scale, scandal, schedule, scheme, scratch, script, secondly, secure, seed, seek, seize, seldom, selection, seminar, senior, sensation, sense, sensitive, separation, series, set, setting, settle, severe, severely, sexual, sexy, shallow, sharply, shed, shell, shelter, shooting, shortage, shortly, short-term, shrink, sigh, signal, significant, significantly, similarity, simply, simultaneously, since, single, skilled, slam, slash, slave, slide, slight, slightly, slope, smash, so-called, soil, solar, solid, solo, sophisticated, soul, source, specialist, specialize, species, specific, specify, spectator, spirit, spiritual, split, sponsor, spray, spread, squeeze, stab, stadium, stage, standard, stare, state, statement, statistic, steadily, steady, steam, steel, steer, stiff, stimulate, storage, straightforward, strain, strategy, strength, strengthen, stretch, strictly, strike, striking, string, stroke, strongly, structure, struggle, stunning, submit, substance, substantial, substitute, suburb, successfully, sudden, suffering, sufficient, suicide, summary, superb, supervise, supply, support, supporter, surely, surface, surgery, surrounding, survey, survival, survive, survivor, suspect, suspicion, suspicious, swallow, swear, sweep, swing, sword, symbol, sympathetic, sympathy, symptom, tackle, tail, tale, tap, target, task, technical, technological, temporarily, tempt, tend, tension, terminal, terribly, terrify, territory, terror, terrorism, terrorist, theft, theme, theory, therapy, thesis, thorough, thoroughly, thoughtful, threat, threaten, thrilled, throughout, thus, tide, tight, tighten, timing, tolerate, tone, tough, toxic, tradition, tragedy, tragic, trail, transform, transparent, transport, transportation, trap, tray, treasure, treat, treatment, tremendous, trial, tribe, tricky, trophy, tropical, truly, truth, tube, turn, typically, ultimate, unacceptable, unconscious, underground, understanding, undoubtedly, unfortunate, union, unique, united, universal, unlike, update, upgrade, upon, upset, urban, valid, vanish, variation, varied, vary, vast, venue, verse, version, victim, victory, viewer, violence, violent, virtually, virus, visible, vision, visual, vital, vitamin, volume, volunteer, wander, ward, weakness, wealth, wealthy, weapon, weird, welcome, whatever, wheat, whereas, whisky, whisper, whoever, whom, widely, widen, width, wild, willingness, wipe, wire, wisdom, wise, witness, worldwide, worm, worrying, worthwhile, wound, wrist, yell, youth, cell, cherry, cycle, decade, devil, drunk, economist, fence, found, heaven, heel, icon, impressed, journalism, lighting, mayor, partnership, platform, profile, programming, publisher, residential, root, seal, servant, shot, ton, widow

سطح C1

abortion, acceptance, accomplish, accordance, accusation, acknowledge, adaptation, administration, administrative, administrator, adviser, agenda, aggression, aid, alert, allegation, allocate, allowance, alongside, amateur, amid, angle, anticipate, appeal, appetite, applaud, appoint, arise, asset, assign, associate, assumption, assurance, attain, attendance, attorney, auction, authentic, authorize, awareness, basis, bet, boundary, broadly, brutal, bubble, bulk, burden, campaign, capability, cater, caution, cereal, civil, clarify, classify, clinical, coal, collaborate, collaboration, commodity, commonly, comparable, compensate, competence, competent, compile, completion, complication, comply, component, comprehensive, comprise, concern, conclude, conquer, consciousness, consent, conservative, constitute, constitution, consult, consume, consumption, continually, controversy, convention, convey, convincing, corporate, corrupt, corruption, counterpart, countless, coverage, criterion, critic, cultivate, debut, declaration, dedicated, dedication, defect, deficiency, deficit, delegate, demonstration, density, deposit, deputy, derive, desire, detect, deteriorate, determine, dictate, differentiate, diminish, diplomatic, directory, disastrous, discrimination, dismiss, dismissal, displace, disruption, distinct, distinctive, distress, distribution, diversity, domain, dominant, downwards, dual, dumb, duration, effectiveness, eligible, eliminate, elite, embrace, emission, empire, endeavour, enforce, engage, enhance, enrich, enterprise, equation, equivalent, establishment, ethnic, evaluate, evaluation, evolve, exaggerate, exceed, excess, excessive, exclude, exclusive, exclusively, executive, exhibit, exposure, fabric, facilitate, faculty, fairness, federal, fibre, filthy, flaw, flee, fleet, focus, formal, formally, format, formula, foundation, frustrated, frustrating, fulfil, fund, funding, fuss, gathering, gene, genetic, genius, gesture, glimpse, globalization, glory, grace, grand, grasp, gross, guideline, habitat, harassment, harsh, hatred, hazard, healthcare, hence, hilarious, historian, holy, homeless, horn, hostile, housing, humanity, humorous, illustration, imaginary, immense, impose, imprison, inability, inadequate, inappropriate, inclusion, incredibly, index, indication, inevitable, inevitably, infect, influential, infrastructure, initiative, injustice, innovation, innovative, insert, insight, inspect, inspection, installation, instance, instruct, insufficient, integral, integrate, integration, intense, interaction, interference, interpret, isolated, isolation, journal, labour, landmark, launch, lawn, lay, layout, leadership, legendary, lengthy, liable, liberal, liberation, limitation, listener, literacy, log, logic, long-time, lounge, machinery, magistrate, magnetic, march, market, mass, mechanism, memo, merit, migration, mild, miner, minimal, minimize, mining, ministry, mode, moderate, modification, modify, motivate, multiple, municipal, mutual, namely, naturally, necessity, neglect, negotiate, negotiation, neutral, newsletter, noble, nominate, nomination, nonetheless, norm, notable, notably, notify, notion, notorious, numerous, nutrition, obesity, oblige, obstacle, occasional, occurrence, odds, openly, operation, opposition, opt, organ, ounce, outcome, outlook, overwhelm, overwhelming, ownership, panel, partially, participant, peasant, perceive, personnel, perspective, phenomenon, portion, pose, possess, predator, pregnancy, preliminary, presently, preservation, prestigious, presume, principle, prior, privilege, probability, problematic, proceed, proceeding, productivity, progressive, projection, prominent, promising, proportion, proposition, prospective, prosperity, protein, provision, pulse, purely, pursue, quote, radiation, random, rank, rating, ratio, rational, realization, reassure, rebellion, reconstruction, recruit, recruitment, refusal, regardless, regulate, relevance, reliability, reluctant, remarkably, reminder, replacement, reproduce, republic, resemble, resist, resolve, respective, restrict, resume, retail, revenue, reverse, review, riot, rival, sack, sacred, sacrifice, saint, scare, scholar, scholarship, scope, sector, seemingly, selective, self, sensitivity, serial, settlement, sheer, shift, significance, similarly, simulation, sincere, sketch, skip, slavery, slogan, slot, soak, sole, solely, solicitor, solidarity, somewhat, spam, specifically, specification, speculation, sphere, spin, spine, spokesman, spokesperson, sponsorship, stability, stable, starve, statistical, status, stereotype, stock, strategic, straw, strip, subsequent, subsequently, subsidy, substantially, substitution, successor, sufficiently, summarize, superior, supervision, supervisor, supportive, supposedly, supreme, surge, surgeon, suspend, sustainable, swap, tactic, telly, tendency, texture, thankfully, therapist, thereby, thrive, tobacco, toll, trace, track, transaction, transformation, transmit, trigger, triumph, troubled, tuition, turnover, ultimately, uncertainty, undergo, undertake, unfold, unite, unity, upcoming, upwards, usage, utterly, vague, variable, vein, verify, versus, vertical, viewpoint, virtual, voluntary, warrior, weaken, well-being, whatsoever, widespread, wit, withdraw, workplace, workshop, worship, worthy, youngster

سطح C2

accelerate, accountable, accumulate, accumulation, acre, adjacent, adolescent, adverse, advocate, albeit, allege, allegedly, alliance, allocation, ally, amend, amendment, analogy, anchor, anonymous, arbitrary, aspiration, assault, assemble, assembly, assert, attribute, backing, being, bias, bid, bind, blend, bureaucracy, burial, capitalism, capitalist, cargo, carriage, carve, casualty, chronic, circuit, circulation, civilian, clarity, clash, classical, classification, cling, closure, coincide, combat, commander, commence, complexity, conceal, concede, conceive, conception, concession, conclusion, condemn, confine, confront, confrontation, conscience, consecutive, consensus, consistent, consistently, constitutional, constraint, consultation, contemplate, contempt, contradiction, conversion, convict, conviction, core, corresponding, counselling, counsellor, coup, credibility, creep, crude, crush, crystal, custody, cynical, deem, defensive, defy, delegation, denial, dependence, depict, desperate, devise, diagnose, diagnosis, dignity, disclose, discretion, disorder, dispute, dissolve, disturbing, divert, dominance, donor, drain, drift, drought, dump, echo, elaborate, embody, empirical, endorse, entity, erupt, essence, ethic, ethical, execute, exile, expenditure, experimental, expire, explicit, explosive, extremist, fake, feat, filter, flawed, flesh, flourish, fluid, formation, formulate, founder, fraction, fragile, framework, fraud, fundamental, fundamentally, globe, goodness, grain, grin, gut, hail, handy, harmony, heritage, hierarchy, high-profile, hollow, horizon, hostage, hostility, humanitarian, humble, hypothesis, ignorance, illusion, image, imminent, immune, impact, implementation, implication, imply, imprisonment, incentive, inclined, incorporate, incur, indicator, indirect, indulge, inequality, infant, infer, inherent, inherit, initiate, injection, instinct, instruction, intact, integrity, intensify, intensity, intent, interim, interpretation, interval, intervene, intervention, intimate, intriguing, ironic, ironically, irony, judgment, junior, justification, kidney, lawsuit, leap, legacy, legislation, legitimate, lethal, lifelong, likelihood, likewise, linger, lobby, loom, lump, mainstream, margin, marginal, massacre, maximize, measurement, medication, melody, memorial, mercy, merge, merger, metaphor, missile, mission, model, momentum, monopoly, motion, mount, narrative, naval, nerve, nest, observer, official, offspring, ongoing, opening, opposed, optimism, orientation, originate, outbreak, outlet, outline, output, outrage, palm, parallel, patch, peer, perception, persist, persistent, philosophical, pioneer, pit, plea, plead, plunge, pole, portray, possession, practitioner, precede, precedent, predecessor, predominantly, premium, prescribe, pressure, prevail, prey, prime, print, profound, prompt, propaganda, prosecute, prosecution, prosecutor, province, provincial, provoke, pursuit, puzzle, quest, quotation, racist, radical, raid, rally, realm, reasoning, recognition, referendum, reform, refuge, regime, reign, reinforce, rejection, relate, relieve, render, renowned, repeated, reportedly, represent, representation, reproduction, residence, resignation, resistance, resolution, restriction, retain, retreat, retrieve, revelation, revival, revive, ritual, ruling, running, sanction, scan, scattered, scenario, sceptical, scrutiny, sentiment, sequence, shrug, sibling, sin, skull, slap, snap, soar, spark, specimen, spectrum, speculate, spending, spotlight, spouse, squad, stance, stimulus, strand, strive, structural, stumble, subtle, successive, suck, sue, summit, supplement, suppress, surplus, surrender, sustain, symbolic, systematic, tank, taxpayer, tenant, tender, testify, theoretical, thereafter, thread, threshold, timber, tin, tip, tolerance, torture, toss, trait, transition, transmission, trash, trauma, treaty, tribal, tribute, trio, troop, twist, underlying, undermine, unprecedented, uphold, urge, validity, venture, verbal, verdict, veteran, viable, vice, vicious, villager, virtue, vow, vulnerable, warehouse, weed, welfare, whereby, wholly, wicked, withdrawal, workforce, yield

بدون سطح بندی

abundance, academy, accommodate, accomplishment, accordingly, accountability, accounting, accused, acquisition, activate, activation, activist, actress, acute, adhere, administer, aesthetic, affordable, aftermath, agricultural, ah, aide, aids, alien, align, alignment, animation, anybody, app, apparatus, appealing, applicable, applicant, architectural, archive, arena, arguably, arms, array, articulate, artwork, ash, aspire, assassination, assertion, associated, asylum, atrocity, audio, audit, auto, autonomy, await, backdrop, bacteria, bail, ballot, banner, barrel, based, bass, battlefield, beast, beforehand, beloved, benchmark, beneficiary, bent, bishop, blast, blessing, bloke, boiler, breach, breathing, broadcaster, buck, buddy, buffer, canvas, casino, chamber, chap, characterize, charter, chuck, chunk, circulate, cite, citizenship, civic, cleaning, clerk, clip, cluster, coalition, cocktail, cognitive, collective, collision, colonial, colony, coloured, columnist, commentary, commentator, commission, commissioner, communist, compassion, compel, compelling, compensation, complement, compliance, compound, compute, confer, configuration, congregation, congressional, connected, conserve, consist, consistency, consolidate, conspiracy, constituency, contend, contender, contention, contributor, coordinate, coordination, coordinator, cop, copyright, correlate, correlation, correspondence, correspondent, costly, councillor, covered, creator, credible, critique, cult, curved, cute, daddy, daft, dam, damaging, debris, decision-making, deed, default, denounce, deploy, deployment, descent, designate, destructive, detain, detection, detention, discard, discharge, disclosure, dispose, distort, divine, doctrine, documentation, driving, dub, dude, duo, editorial, ego, electoral, elevate, embark, emergence, empower, enact, encompass, endorsement, enforcement, engagement, engaging, enrol, ensue, enthusiast, entrepreneur, epidemic, erect, escalate, eternal, evacuate, everyday, evoke, excellence, exclusion, execution, exert, expertise, explicitly, exploitation, exploration, extensively, fabulous, faction, failed, feeding, feminist, finding, firearm, fixture, flying, footage, forge, forth, forum, fossil, foster, fragment, franchise, freeway, frequency, fundraising, gallon, gaming, generic, genocide, genre, gig, glorious, goods, gosh, governance, governor, graphic, gravity, greenhouse, grid, grind, guerrilla, halfway, halt, handling, have to, hearing, heighten, holder, holding, homeland, hurricane, hydrogen, ideological, ideology, imagery, incidence, included, indictment, indigenous, induce, infamous, inflict, inhibit, inject, insertion, insider, institutional, instrumental, intake, integrated, intended, interface, invoke, involved, irrelevant, isolate, judgement, judicial, junction, jurisdiction, kidnap, lad, large-scale, laughter, legislative, lens, lesbian, lesser, limb, linear, line-up, listing, long-standing, loop, magnitude, mainland, making, mandate, mandatory, manifest, manipulate, manipulation, manuscript, marine, marker, marketplace, martial, matching, math, maths, meditation, memoir, merchant, methodology, midst, militant, militia, mixed, mob, mobility, mobilize, mommy, monk, morality, mortgage, multiply, mummy, navigation, next to, niche, nil, nominee, non-profit, nope, nursing, obsess, offering, one another, operational, optical, organizational, ought, outfit, outing, outsider, overly, oversee, overturn, pad, parameter, parental, parish, parliamentary, passing, pastor, patent, pathway, patrol, patron, per cent, petition, physically, physician, placement, pledge, pointed, poll, post-war, preach, precision, premier, premise, preside, prevalence, printing, privatization, probe, proceeds, processing, proclaim, pronounced, properly, protocol, psychiatric, publishing, quid, quota, racing, radar, ranking, receiver, recipient, recount, refer, regularly, regulatory, rehabilitation, remainder, removal, rental, reporting, reside, residue, respectively, restoration, restraint, rhetoric, robust, rod, rotate, rotation, screening, secular, seeker, segment, senator, set-up, sexuality, shaped, shareholder, shatter, shipping, shove, simulate, socialist, sometime, sovereignty, span, specialized, spectacle, spokeswoman, sporting, stabilize, stake, standing, stark, stun, sublist, submission, subscriber, subscription, suburban, succession, suite, super, surgical, surveillance, suspension, tactical, tag, tape, teens, tenure, terminate, terms, terrain, testimony, testing, theatrical, thinking, thought-provoking, tile, timely, tonne, tool, trademark, trading, trailer, transcript, transit, transparency, tribunal, trillion, trustee, tsunami, turnout, undergraduate, unify, unveil, used to, utility, utilize, vessel, vibrant, violate, violation, vocal, voting, vulnerability, warfare, warming, warrant, washing, weave, whip, yep, bless, boom, chairman, contractor, crown, cue, cutting, demon, devastate, dictator, discourse, educator, embed, evolutionary, folding, info, inmate, legislature, license, lord, mentor, mill, mineral, participation, pipeline, portfolio, processor, protester, punk, regulator, rifle, screw, settler, spoken, stem, syndrome, synthesis, theology, vacuum