https://virgool.io/feed/@iranmarket fa 2026-06-06 14:30:15 https://files.virgool.io/upload/users/196193/avatar/14A1vk.png?height=120&width=120 https://virgool.io/@iranmarket https://virgool.io/@iranmarket/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-uytfipr4wfu4 یکی از مواردی که در ساخت یا بازسازی ساختمان باید به آن توجه ویژه نماییم خرید کاشی و سرامیک با بهترین نوع کیفیت می باشد. بنابراین یکی از سوالاتی که در ذهن سازندگان یا خریداران مطرح می شود این است که بهترین کاشی و سرامیک در ایران کدام برند یا کارخانه می باشد؟ما در این مقاله در ابتدا به تعریف کاشی و سرامیک و انواع پخت و لعاب آن خواهیم پرداخت و سپس چند برند از بهترین برندهای ایران را به شما معرفی خواهیم نمود. تا انتها با ما همراه باشید تا اگر می خواهید برای ساختمان یا پروژه ی خود کاشی و سرامیک تهیه نمایید با اطلاعات کامل این کار را انجام دهید.بهترین کاشی و سرامیک در ایرانکاشی چیست؟کاشی نوعی از سنگ مصنوعی که در ابعاد مختلف تولید و ضخامت آن معمولا تا 9 میلی‌متر است و روی آن را با لعاب از نوع براق یا مات می پوشانند. بدنه اصلی کاشی ها معمولا از خاک رس قرمز (سفالین) یا خاک سفید پرسلانی تولید می شود. کاشی ها در ساختمان کاربرد و اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد مانند حمام‌ها، توالت‌ها، آشپزخانه‌ها و آب ریزگاه‌های عمومی و غیره.کاشی برای تزئینات داخل و خارج ساختمان و همچنین برای بهداشت و عایق رطوبت به کار می‌رود. واژه کاشی از نام شهر کاشان اقتباس شده که از اوایل دوران اسلامی به عنوان مرکز صنعت سفال‌سازی مشهور بود.سرامیک چیست؟سرامیک در واقع نوعی از کاشی است. با این تفاوت که علاوه بر موادی که برای ساخت لعاب و بدنه کاشی‌های معمولی استفاده می‌شوند، در مواد آن از مواد غیرآلی و غیرمعدنی هم استفاده می‌شود. سرامیک‌ها هم‌چنین در دمایی بالاتر از کاشی های معمولی و به دفعات پخته می‌شوند. همین موارد هم باعث فرق کاشی و سرامیک در ساختار شده و باعث شده است که سرامیک‌ها استحکام و مقاومت بالاتری نسبت به کاشی داشته باشند. بدنه ی سرامیک ها معمولا با خاک سفید پرسلانی یا مخلوطی از خاک قرمز و خاک سفید پخته می شوند.نوع پخت معمولی و پرسلانی کاشی و سرامیک چیست؟کاشی و سرامیک به صورت کلی در دو مدل معمولی و پرسلانی پخت و پرس می شوند. تفاوت پخت پرسلانی با پخت معمولی در این هست که خاک استفاده شده در نوع پرسلان از نوع خاک سفید پرسلانی بوده و محصول با قدرت بیش از ۴۰۰ کیلوگرم بر سانتی متر مربع پرس شده و در دمای 1400 درجه سانتیگراد پخته و به پرسلان تبدیل می شود.مزایای سرامیک با پخت پرسلانی· جذب آب کمتر از 0.5 درصد· دارای مقاومت بالا در برابر یخ زدگی· ضد خش و سایش· لعاب مقاوم در برابر ترک خوردگی· مقاوم در برابر لکه و ضد باکتری· ثبات رنگ در برابر نور خورشید· مقاوم در برابر عوامل شیمیایی مانند اسیدهاانواع لعاب کاشی و سرامیکدر این بخش از مقاله به معرفی عامیانه انواع لعاب های کاشی و سرامیک که در بازار مشاهده می کنید خواهیم پرداخت.1. لعاب مات: این نوع لعاب همانطور که از اسم آن پیدا میباشد هیچ گونه پخش نوری ندارد. لعاب مات می تواند به صورت صاف و یا زبر و برجسته تولید گردد. از مزایای لعاب مات می توان به ضد لغزش، ضد خش و سایش و عمر طولانی آن اشاره نمود.2. لعاب نیمه براق یا شوگر افکت یا سمی پولیش: در این نوع لعاب بر روی سطح سرامیک شما دونه هایی براق مانند شکر را مشاهده می کنید که سطح سرامیک را به صورت نیمه براق نمایش می دهد. این نوع سرامیک از مزایای لعاب مات برخوردار می باشد و همچنین قابلیت پخش نور خاصی از خود نمایش می دهد.3. لعاب براق معمولی: این نوع لعاب نسبت به حالت شوگر افکت از براقیت بیشتری برخوردار می باشد و پخش نور بالاتری نسبت به نوع قبلی خود دارد و هزینه ی متعادلی نسبت به دو مدل پولیش یا فول پولیش باید برای آن پرداخت نمود.4. لعاب پولیش: این سرامیک‌ها دارای براقیت بالاتری نسبت به دسته ی قبلی هستند. کلمه پولیش به معنی صیقلی، پرداخت و جلا است. از آنجایی که پولیش کاری، فقط روی سرامیک های پرسلانی قابل اجراست، همه سرامیک‌های پولیش کاری شده از نوع پخت پرسلانی هستند.5. لعاب فول پولیش یا سوپر پولیش: در حال حاضر می توان گفت زیباترین طرح ها و لعاب ها در این دسته قرار می گیرند. سطح سرامیک های با لعاب فول پولیش را آنقدر صیقل می دهند که سطح آن شبیه به آینه می شود و وقتی روبروی این سرامیک ها قرار می گیرید تصویر خود را در آن به وضوح مشاهده می کنید.6. لعاب نانو پولیش: وجود منافذ و درز‌های بسیار ریز بر روی سطح سرامیک باعث جذب ذرات خاک و غبار میشود. همچنین باعث نفوذپذیزی سطح در برابر مایعات ریخته شده بر آن می‌شود. این نفوذ اگر اتفاق بیوفتد باعث کاهش درجه درخشندگی و جلای این محصولات خواهد شد. راه حل جلوگیری از این اتفاق، استفاده از پوشش‌های نانوست. این پوشش‌ها که به نوعی مکمل لعاب و پرداخت سطح هستند با نفوذ در منافذ سطح باعث میشوند تا سطح پرداخت شده در مقابل نفوذ غبار و مایعات ایمن شده و خاصیت آب گریزی به سطح اضافه شود. از ویژگی‌های این نوع از لعاب می توان به دوام بیشتر در مقابل نفوذ جرم و رطوبت و همچنین دارا بودن شفافیتی نزدیک به سطوح شیشه ای نام برد. همچنین انجام این فرآیند‌های زمانبر باعث افزایش هزینه‌های تولید و در نتیجه قیمت بالاتر این نوع از محصولات می‌گردد.بهترین کاشیبهترین برندهای کاشی و سرامیک در ایرانشرکت های متفاوتی در ایران به ساخت و تولید کاشی می پردازند. کیفیت ساخت کاشی ایرانی در جهان زبان زد و معروف می باشد. شرکت های تولیدکننده کاشی و سرامیک ایرانی در بحث صادرات کاشی توانسته اند موفقیت بسیار خوبی در این زمینه داشته باشند. از شرکت های معروف تولید کننده کاشی می توان به موارد زیر اشاره نمود:· کاشی تبریز· کاشی هرمس تبریز· کاشی مرجان اصفهان· کاشی فخار رفسنجان· کاشی سروکوآرنتا· کاشی البرز· کاشی الوند· کاشی پارس· کاشی سینا· کاشی پالرمو· کاشی نوین سرام· کاشی پرسپولیس· کاشی ایفا سرام· کاشی سعدی· کاشی گلدیس· کاشی عقیق· کاشی ونوس میبدهر کدام از تولیدات برندهای بالا مزایا و خاصیت های خاص خودشان را دارند. برای نمونه کاشی تبریز با برندهای مختلف به نام های کرابن، کراکس، مگاکر، کرگرس و هرمس تبریز با زیباترین و حرفه ای ترین طرح های روز دنیا توانسته است در بازارهای آسیایی و اروپایی قله های فروش را فتح نماید. کاشی مرجان اصفهان یکی از بهترین تولیدکنندگان سرامیک های صنعتی در کشور می باشد. کاشی البرز را می توان از روی کاشی های استخری آن شناخت که در تمام کشور پرقدرت در زمینه ی کاشی استخری گزینه ی اول در انتخاب می باشد. کاشی الوند را می توان معروفترین برند ایران از لحاظ قیمتی و کیفیت کار معرفی نمود. کاشی فخار رفنسجان را می توان یکی از کاملترین کارخانجات از انواع سایز محصولی و همچنین قیمت مناسب آن در کشور معرفی نمود.چسب کاشی و سرامیکیکی از مواردی که باید در نصب انواع کاشی و سرامیک به آن دقت نمود چسب و ملاتی هست که برای چسباندن کاشی به دیوار استفاده می کنیم. چسب کاشی یکی از بهترین گزینه‌ها برای نصب انواع کاشی و سرامیک است که با داشتن چسبندگی بالا و مقاومت در برابر رطوبت، طول عمر بیشتری به سطوح شما می‌بخشد. استفاده از چسب کاشی به‌جای ملات سنتی، باعث صرفه‌جویی در زمان و افزایش کیفیت نصب می‌شود. این محصول برای کاربرد در حمام، آشپزخانه، و حتی محیط‌های بیرونی بسیار ایده‌آل است. اگر به دنبال بهترین چسب کاشی برای پروژه‌های ساختمانی خود هستید، محصولات باکیفیت و مقاوم را انتخاب کنید تا نتیجه‌ای بی‌نقص و بادوام داشته باشید. چسب کاشی با کیفیت بالا می‌تواند تضمین‌کننده‌ی دوام و زیبایی سطوح کاشی‌کاری شده و دوام عمر ساختمان شما باشد. برای مشاهده انواع چسب کاشی و سرامیک می توانید به سایت هایلند مارکت مراجعه نمایید.هایلند مارکت بزرگترین فروشگاه محصولات ساختمانی در کشورفروشگاه آنلاین هایلند مارکت مجموعه ای بی نظیر و حرفه ای از انواع کاشی و سرامیک، چینی آلات بهداشتی، شیرآلات، وان و جکوزی، ترموود، روشویی و چسب های صنعتی با نیم قرن تجربه در صنعت ساختمان می باشد. متخصصین توانسته اند با شناسایی بهترین و با کیفیت ترین برندهای بازار ایران به مشتریان خود بهترین خدمات خرید محصولات ساختمانی را ارائه نمایند.با ما در تماس باشید:شماره تماس: 02146055795آدرس وبسایت: www . hilandmarket . ir ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Tue, 14 Jan 2025 01:18:47 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/calcium-chloride-ovwk20ltvuix In this article, we will discuss the nature of Calcium Chloride, and its characteristics. It is also intended to provide the readers with efficient information on various types of it, their unique features, and applications. Moreover, it provides an explanation about Iran’s Calcium Chloride production, and its privileges.Calcium ChlorideWhat is Calcium Chloride?Calcium Chloride, denoted by the chemical formula CaCl2, is a salt that is widely used across various industries due to its high solubility in water and versatile properties. This compound can be produced through multiple methods, including the reaction of limestone with hydrochloric acid or as a by-product of the Solvay process.Calcium Chloride’s specific featuresIt is a salt compound with various features. Here are some of its features:Solubility: It is an extremely soluble compound in water, exhibiting a solubility of 74 grams per 100 milliliters at room temperature. This characteristic makes it a valuable ingredient in numerous applications, including but not limited to de-icing roads and sidewalks, controlling dust, and serving as a food additive.Hygroscopicity: It is a compound that exhibits a high degree of hygroscopicity, which refers to its capability to attract and retain moisture from the surrounding air. This property makes it an effective desiccant or drying agent in a wide range of applications.Corrosiveness: It is a highly corrosive substance that can cause damage to certain metals, including aluminum and zinc. As a result, its use may be limited in certain applications where these metals are present.Density: It is a chemical compound with a density of 2.15 g/cm³, which is higher than that of water.Melting and boiling point: It has a remarkably high melting point of 772 °C and a boiling point of 1,935 °C. Due to these properties, it is extensively used in various high-temperature applications. For instance, it is used as a coolant in refrigeration systems and as an additive in concrete to accelerate the setting process.Click on the link below to read more:Calcium Chloride ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Sat, 03 Jun 2023 00:09:44 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/sodium-carbonate-soda-ash-tkswiamprmzl In this article, we will discuss the nature of sodium carbonate, and its characteristics. It is also intended to provide the readers with efficient information on various types of it, their unique features, and applications. Moreover, it provides an explanation about Iran’s sodium carbonate production, and its privileges.Sodium Carbonate (Soda Ash)What is sodium carbonate?Sodium carbonate, also known as soda ash, is a water-soluble white solid compound with the chemical formula Na2CO3. It is an odorless basic salt that has various applications across different industries. It is a white powder with a melting point of 851°C and a density of 2.54 g/cm³. The material is highly soluble in water, forming an alkaline solution that has a pH of around 11.Soda ash is classified as a basic salt due to its alkaline nature and can react with acids to form carbon dioxide gas. It is also an electrolyte that can conduct electricity when dissolved in water. This is due to the presence of sodium ions and carbonate ions in the compound.Specific characteristics of Soda AshSodium carbonate has several unique characteristics, which include:Solubility: It exhibits high solubility in water with a solubility of approximately 22 grams per 100 milliliters at room temperature. This characteristic renders it useful in various applications such as water softening, detergent production, and soap manufacturing.Alkalinity: It is a naturally occurring alkaline chemical compound. This property makes it useful in various industrial processes, such as the production of glass, paper, and textiles.Reactivity: It is highly reactive with acids. When it comes into contact with an acid, it undergoes a chemical reaction that produces carbon dioxide gas. This property makes it useful in a variety of chemical reactions and industrial processes.Hygroscopicity: It is hygroscopic in nature, meaning it can readily absorb moisture from the air. This property makes it useful as a drying agent in various applications such as in the production of certain chemicals and as an additive in detergents.Melting point: It has a melting point of approximately 851°C (1564°F), which makes it an ideal substance for high-temperature applications. This property enables it to be used in the production of ceramics and glass, where it can withstand extreme temperatures without undergoing significant changes in its chemical structure.Click on the link below to read more:Sodium Carbonate (Soda Ash) ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Fri, 02 Jun 2023 15:18:17 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/heavy-alkylate-benzene-hab-ztlddx7cp838 In this article, we will discuss the nature of Heavy Alkylate Benzene, and its characteristics. It is also intended to provide the readers with efficient information on various types of it, their unique features, and applications. Furthermore, it provides an explanation about Iran’s HAB production.Heavy Alkylate Benzene (HAB)Heavy Alkylate Benzene, and its characteristicsHeavy alkylate benzene is a type of benzene that is manufactured through the alkylation of benzene with high molecular weight olefins. This process yields a product with a significant degree of branching, enhancing its resistance to thermal and oxidative degradation. It has some critical characteristics.The production of heavy alkylate benzene involves the use of exceptionally pure olefins. This process results in a product that is characterized by its high level of purity and free from impurities. The purity of the heavy alkylate benzene is essential in ensuring that it meets the required standards for its various industrial applications.High stability is one of the most significant advantages of heavy alkylate benzene due to its high degree of branching. This unique chemical structure provides exceptional stability, even under extreme conditions such as high temperatures and pressures. As a result, it has become an ideal choice for various applications, including use as a solvent, fuel additive, and lubricant.Its stability also makes it a popular choice in the production of high-performance plastics and synthetic rubber. It is a comparatively low-toxicity type of benzene, making it a safer option for various applications where exposure to benzene might pose a potential health hazard. This can be attributed to its unique molecular structure, which makes it less reactive and less likely to interact with biological systems. Additionally, it has a higher boiling point than other types of benzene, which reduces the likelihood of inhalation exposure.Various applications of Heavy Alkylate benzeneHeavy alkylate benzene, commonly referred to as HAB, is a chemical compound that finds diverse applications across various industries. It is a crucial component in the manufacturing process of linear alkyl benzene (LAB), which is widely used in the production of household and industrial detergents.One of the most significant uses of HAB is as a blending component in high-octane gasoline. Heavy alkylate benzene is added to gasoline to enhance its quality and performance, particularly in terms of increasing fuel efficiency. Additionally, HAB serves as a raw material in the production of detergents, lubricating oils, and other chemicals.Click on the link below to read more:Heavy Alkylate Benzene (HAB) ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Fri, 02 Jun 2023 14:36:37 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/linear-alkyl-benzene-lab-ll0ejlofplds In this article, we will discuss the nature of Linear Alkyl Benzene, and its specific features. It is also intended to provide the readers with efficient information on various types of Linear Alkyl Benzene, their unique characteristics, and applications. Moreover, it provides a brief explanation about Iran’s LAB production.Linear Alkyl Benzene (LAB)What is Linear Alkyl Benzene?Linear alkyl benzene (LAB) is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that emits a strong, characteristic odor. It is composed of a complex mixture of predominantly linear and mono-alkylated isomers of alkyl benzenes. Linear alkyl benzene is a crucial organic compound extensively utilized in the production of biodegradable detergents. It belongs to the family of alkyl benzenes that are derived from linear olefins, obtained from crude oil or natural gas. The process of producing LAB involves the reaction of linear olefins with benzene, using a catalyst such as hydrofluoric acid or aluminum chloride. The resulting product is then subjected to purification and distillation processes to obtain the final high-quality LAB product.It is a type of colorless liquid that is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and acetone. It has a high boiling point and remains stable under normal conditions. The primary application of LAB is as a surfactant in detergents owing to its exceptional ability to reduce the surface tension of water and enhance the cleaning performance of the detergent. Apart from this, it finds extensive usage in other domains such as lubricants, solvents, and agricultural chemicals.Linear Alkyl Benzene’s specific featuresLinear Alkyl Benzene is a type of organic compound that has some features. The molecular structure of LAB is characterized by an aromatic hydrocarbon comprising a benzene ring and a linear alkyl chain that is attached to it. The length of the alkyl chain may differ, but it usually consists of 10 to 14 carbon atoms. It is a clear liquid that exhibits insolubility in water but solubility in organic solvents like benzene and toluene. After Sulfonation in downstream processing units, LAB is changed to Linear ALkyl Benzene Sulfonate Acid (LABSA) and it is used as the primary cleaning agent in household detergents including cleaning powders and liquids.Click on the link below to read more:Linear Alkyl Benzene (LAB) ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Fri, 02 Jun 2023 02:48:29 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/caustic-soda-sodium-hydroxide-naoh-iob9l8co5lt3 Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a highly caustic and corrosive compound that is commonly known as caustic soda or lye. The name “caustic soda” comes from its ability to corrode or burn organic materials upon contact due to its strong alkaline properties. NaOH is a type of sodium hydrate, meaning that it contains water molecules within its crystal structure.Caustic Soda - Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)What is caustic soda?In its pure form, caustic soda appears as a waxy, white solid that readily absorbs moisture from the air and dissolves in water to form an aqueous solution. Overall, sodium hydroxide has a wide range of industrial applications, including in the production of paper, textiles, soaps, and detergents. It is also used in the manufacturing of various chemicals, such as plastics and pharmaceuticals. However, due to its highly corrosive nature, sodium hydroxide must be handled with care and caution to prevent injury or damage.What are the applications of sodium hydroxide?Sodium hydroxide has numerous applications across various industries. One of its most common applications is in the production of paper and pulp. In this process, caustic soda is used to break down lignin, a complex organic polymer found in wood, which helps to separate the cellulose fibers and create pulp. It accounts for around 90% of the total sodium hydroxide consumption in the paper industry.Another application of sodium hydroxide is in water treatment, primarily for pH level regulation and elimination of impurities like heavy metals and organic compounds. Its application in water treatment is significant as it helps in the removal of contaminants from water, making it safe for consumption and industrial use.Caustic soda finds extensive application in the chemical industry for manufacturing various chemicals including detergents, soaps, and bleach. Additionally, it is used in the extraction of alumina from bauxite ore during the production of aluminum by dissolving the ore in a sodium hydroxide solution. Moreover, apart from its industrial applications, this substance finds widespread usage in several other domains.One such example is its frequent use as a drain cleaner, owing to its ability to dissolve grease and other organic substances. Additionally, it is employed in the food processing industry to sanitize surfaces and equipment. It is also used to remove impurities from food products such as cocoa and chocolate.What are the various types of caustic soda?There are several types of sodium hydroxide available in the market, each with its unique properties and applications, including:A. Membrane-grade caustic sodaIt is a type manufactured using an electrolytic process. This process involves the use of a membrane to separate the anode and cathode compartments. The resulting product has a high level of purity, up to 99%, which makes it ideal for use in high-end applications such as food processing and pharmaceuticals.Click on the link below to read more:Caustic Soda - Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Tue, 16 May 2023 13:44:45 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/epoxy-adhesives-zyege0o1hzab Epoxy adhesive is considered one of the most significant adhesives in history, since the beginning of adhesive use. Epoxy adhesives are composed of epoxy resin, which exhibits various properties and characteristics depending on the resin grade and fillers added, such as metals and ceramics. These adhesives have been utilized in the industry for over half a century, offering excellent chemical and physical properties. Typically, they are produced in two components: resin and hardener.Epoxy adhesivesWhat is a epoxy adhesive and its applications?Epoxy adhesives are known for their strong bonding capabilities and resistance to chemicals, heat, and water. They are used in a wide range of applications, including construction, automotive, aerospace, marine, and electronics industries. Epoxy adhesives can be used to bond various materials like metals, plastics, wood, and ceramics. One of the primary advantages of epoxy adhesives is their ability to form a strong bond even under harsh conditions. They can also fill gaps between surfaces and provide excellent electrical insulation. However, they require careful handling due to their potentially harmful nature.Specific characteristics and privileges the substanceEpoxy resin-based products have a wide range of applications, including coatings, paints, adhesives, and sealants for repairing metal surfaces. Upon drying, epoxy adhesives become hard and rigid, with drying times ranging from a few minutes to several hours. Generally, the faster an adhesive dries, the lower its final strength will be, and vice versa. One-component epoxy adhesives require heat activation and have a higher drying speed than two-component epoxy adhesives.Strong and durable adhesion conditionsTo ensure a strong and durable adhesion of epoxy glues, it is crucial to prepare and clean the surface before applying the glue. This applies not only to epoxy glues but also to other adhesives such as polyurethane adhesive, MS polymer adhesive, and silicone adhesives. Neglecting to prepare the surface properly can significantly impact the quality of the final adhesion. The longevity of epoxy adhesives is contingent upon the location and conditions in which they are stored. When stored under appropriate conditions, epoxy adhesives can typically remain effective for several years.Advantages of epoxy glueEpoxy glue have several advantages over other types of adhesives such as silicone and polyurethane.Firstly, they experience a decrease in volume, or shrinkage, after drying which ensures that the adhesive remains in place and does not crack or break due to changes in temperature or pressure.Secondly, epoxy adhesives do not release any gas during the drying process which makes them ideal for use in confined spaces.They are also highly compatible with a wide range of materials and can adhere to many different surfaces, including metals, plastics, and ceramics.Additionally, epoxy adhesives offer excellent chemical and corrosion resistance as well as high resistance to erosion. They are also suitable for use as insulation for electrical cables.Click on the link below to read more:Epoxy adhesives ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Sun, 14 May 2023 15:08:11 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/types-of-bitumen-applications-buying-bitumen-ty1osqnmmahg Bitumen is a dark brown or black, non-crystalline and highly viscous substance with adhesive and waterproof properties. It is soluble in organic solutions such as toluene and carbon disulfide. This substance is mainly composed of hydrocarbons, which typically contain around 80% carbon and 15% hydrogen. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and other compounds that gives it unique physical and chemical properties.Types of bitumen & applications - Buying bitumenWhat are the features?It is a highly strong and resilient adhesive substance, capable of binding an extensive range of materials, even when their properties do not match. The durability of this adhesive is critical for significant engineering projects, including the construction of roads and waterways that require a lifespan of 20 years or more.It is insoluble in water and can act as an effective waterproofing insulator. It also resists most acids, alkalis and salts and does not contaminate water, so it can be used for water flow lines.It is insoluble in water and can act as an effective waterproofing insulator. It also resists most acids, alkalis and salts and does not contaminate water, so it can be used for water flow lines.The substance in question is a type of thermoplastic material that has the unique property of becoming liquid when exposed to heat and solidifying when it cools down. This characteristic makes it highly versatile and easy to work with, as it can be liquefied using one of three methods: through the application of heat, by dissolving it in petroleum solvents, or by dispersing it in water as an emulsion. This allows for the material to be easily spread and applied in areas where it is needed.The mineral aggregate mix used in road construction requires a material that provides controllable flexibility, and this is why it is widely used. This material is available at an affordable cost almost everywhere in the world.What are the applications of this substance?The applications of bitumen are diverse and can be categorized into road construction, industrial applications, waterproofing of buildings, and electrical insulation. However, it is important to note that the primary use of this material is in road construction.Producers and buyers of this substanceChina, United States, Canada, Russia, Venezuela, Iran, Mexico, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates were the top 10 producers of bitumen in 2022.China, India, United States, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, South Korea, Japan, and Malaysia were the top 10 buyers of this substance in 2022.Click on the link below to read more:Types of bitumen & applications - Buying bitumen ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Tue, 09 May 2023 00:47:10 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/epoxy-resin-gydkr3m1ccjg Epoxy resin is an adaptable and useful material that has a wide range of applications in various industries. It is a type of synthetic polymer that is created by mixing two different components together, an epoxy resin and a hardener.Epoxy ResinThe nature of epoxy resin and its various typesThere are several types of epoxy resins with unique features and applications, including:Bisphenol An Epoxy Resin (DGEBA): The most commonly used type of epoxy resin is Bisphenol epoxy resins, which are produced by reacting bisphenol A with epichlorohydrin. These resins have high mechanical strength, good adhesion, and excellent chemical resistance, making them ideal for a wide range of applications such as coatings, adhesives, composites, and electronics.Novolac Epoxy Resin: Novolac epoxy resins are synthesized through the reaction between epichlorohydrin and phenolic novolac resins. These resins exhibit exceptional thermal stability and high cross-link density, making them ideal for use in applications that require high-temperature resistance such as coatings for chemical processing equipment, tanks, and pipelines.Aliphatic Epoxy Resin: Aliphatic epoxy resins are produced as a result of reacting aliphatic amines with epichlorohydrin. These resins exhibit exceptional color stability and UV resistance, which makes them an ideal choice for outdoor applications such as coatings for buildings, bridges and automobiles.Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin: Cycloaliphatic epoxy resins are produced by reacting cycloaliphatic diamines with epichlorohydrin. The low viscosity and excellent chemical resistance properties of these substances make them ideal for utilization in adhesives and coatings.Glycidyl amine Epoxy Resin: Glycidyl amine epoxy resins are produced by reacting amines with epichlorohydrin. They have excellent impact resistance and toughness, making them suitable for use in composites and adhesives.The applications of epoxy resinsEpoxy resins have several various applications, including using as adhesives because of their strong bonding capabilities. The aerospace, automotive, construction, and electronics industries all use epoxy adhesives extensively.They are used as Coatings for floors, walls, and other surfaces. They are a popular choice for commercial and industrial sectors, such as factories, due to their durable and visually appealing finish that is highly resistant to chemicals, abrasion, and impact.Epoxy resins are used as Composites, which are known for their lightweight and strong, making them ideal for use in aerospace, automotive, and sporting goods applications.Click on the link below to read more:Epoxy Resin ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Mon, 08 May 2023 18:23:06 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/polystyrene-ps-g1551-g1461-g1161-in-iran-pr2ov8kbz9gn Polystyrene is a synthetic polymer made from monomer styrene. It is a rigid, transparent, and lightweight plastic that is commonly used in packaging materials, insulation, disposable cups and containers, and toys. Polystyrene can be produced in two forms: solid (commonly used for packaging) and foam (used for insulation and cushioning).Polystyrene (PS) G1551, G1461, G1161 in IranWhat is Polystyrene (PS)?Polystyrene is an inexpensive material that is easy to manufacture and mold into different shapes. It has good insulation properties, making it an ideal material for use in building insulation and packaging materials. However, polystyrene is not biodegradable and can take hundreds of years to decompose, which has led to concerns about its impact on the environment.Application of polystyrenePolystyrene foam is often used as a cushioning material for fragile items during shipping because of its ability to absorb shock. It is also used in disposable food containers because it is lightweight, inexpensive, and can be easily molded into different shapes. However, there are concerns about the potential health risks associated with using polystyrene in food packaging.In summary, polystyrene is a synthetic polymer made from monomer styrene that is commonly used in packaging materials, insulation, disposable cups and containers, and toys due to its low cost and ease of manufacturing. However, its impact on the environment and potential health risks have raised concerns about its use.What is Polystyrene (PS) G1551 and its usage in the industry?Polystyrene G1551 is a type of polystyrene resin that is commonly used in the manufacturing of consumer goods, such as toys, electronic components, and food packaging. It is a thermoplastic material that is known for its high strength, rigidity, and resistance to impact and moisture.Click on the link below to read more:Polystyrene (PS) G1551, G1461, G1161 in Iran ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Wed, 26 Apr 2023 03:45:40 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/gasoline-d2-or-diesel-d2-in-iran-gbh2ni7uoron A refinery abbreviation for Gasoil is Diesel D2 or Gasoline D2. Unlike crude distillate, it does not require reformers or additives for use. Before petrol cars as we know them today were invented, diesel engines used D2 as fuel. This is due to the fact that a German engine called Diesel requires no spark plugs. When pressure increases, the diesel engine will ignite and combust so that the heated “plug” explodes. As a result, diesel engines are based on the same principles. As a result, the refinery will add additives to the automotive diesel that you fill to make the engine more efficient and easier to start over the winter season.The “Flash Point” of diesel changes in the winter, according to the small print. Like petrol, diesel also has additives to absorb water that condenses in the cylinder – but because the nozzles are injected directly into the cylinder, ice will destroy the nozzles before the engine. Your fuel pipes may freeze and burst if you use summer diesel in the winter, and the wax can make the diesel flow thicker. Summer diesel gives you better mileage, but you will have to deal with more fuel pipe freezing and bursts.The role of sulfur in GASOIL and Diesel D2It is the sulfur content of GASOIL and Gasoline D2 that makes them different. A limit of 4% sulfur in GASOIL was introduced by the US EPA 10 years ago, while Europe and the rest of the world followed later. Most of the time, when sulfur needs to be removed, ways of doing it more efficiently are quickly discovered. Sulfur can now be traded profitably with sulfuric acid, which is now motivating farmers to extract as much as possible.In essence, ‘Low Sulphur Gasoil‘ is now below 0.2% rather than 4%. As for Ultra Low Sulphur, it has a maximum sulfur content of 0.02%, and there are two limitations here: (a) mass spectrographs need extensive calibration to measure below 1000ppm, and (b) sulfur can form clogs. As explained above, Diesel D2 is a distillate, and it has not been “cracked” by the refinery. As a result, the molecules bind to free hydrogen molecules, forming a cluster that will break. The average sulfur content in a barrel is less than 0.02%, so you only got a cluster of molecules in your pint of ULSG.Oil companies standard for production Diesel D2Oil companies use a standard for Gasoline D2 or Diesel D2 from the International Standardization Organization – ISO.As a result of proposals from ASTM, API, and EPA, ANSI has defined the US national standard for Diesel D2.There are national variants in Europe, for instance, DIN in Germany, and GOST in Russia.According to the ISO standard, the GOST variant for D2/Gasoil has a maximum sulfur content of 0.02 MAX. As the ANSI standard, it calls it “Ultra Low Sulphur”, and 0,2% (2000ppm) will be referred to as “Low Sulphur”. Many cities have reduced their pollution as a result of the reduction of sulfur in their gasoil.Click on the link below to read more:Gasoline D2 or Diesel D2 in Iran ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Fri, 21 Apr 2023 22:28:36 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/urea-qwsj5ghtmupd The world’s most widely used solid nitrogen fertilizer is urea CO(NH2)2. Animal urine also contains urea, which is commonly found in nature. This material is efficient for transferring to farms and applying to fields because of its high N content.UreaThe method of production of UreaIn order to produce urea fertilizer, ammonia gas (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are combined at elevated temperatures and pressures. By using specialized granulation equipment, molten urea is formed into spheres or hardened into a solid prill by falling from a tower. Biuret can be harmful when sprayed on plant foliage when two urea molecules combine during urea production. Due to carefully controlled conditions during manufacturing, most commercial urea fertilizers contain only low levels of biuret. In some cases, though, the chemical with lower biuret content can be used for special purposes. NH3 is the main input for urea production, so the material manufacturing plants are generally located near NH3 production facilities. There are several methods for transporting this material around the world, including ocean vessels, barges, rails, and trucks.The application of Urea in different industries1. AgricultureIt is estimated that more than 90 percent of global urea production is destined for use as a nitrogen-releasing fertilizer. The nitrogen content of urea is the highest among all solid nitrogenous fertilizers in common use (46.7%). As a result, it is the nitrogen nutrient with the lowest transportation costs.When it is hydrolyzed in the soil, it returns to ammonia and carbon dioxide. Plants are able to absorb nitrate from the soil when ammonia is oxidized by bacteria. There are also many formulations of solid fertilizers that contain the chemical. In combination with ammonium nitrate, the chemical is extremely soluble in water, making it an ideal fertilizer for use in fertilizer solutions (e.g., foliar feed). Due to their narrow particle size distribution, granules are preferred for the application of fertilizers.Biuret is the most common impurity that occurs in synthetic urea, and its presence must be less than 2 percent of the time to prevent the growth of plants.The amount of urea spread in farmThe amount of urea spread will vary depending on the type of farm and region, but the actual rate of spread will be between 40 and 300 kg/ha. To minimize leaching losses and increase the efficiency of nitrogen use, it is better to apply several small to medium applications at intervals rather than one heavy application. To reduce loss of nitrogen from volatilization (the process of converting nitrogen into ammonia gas in the atmosphere),the chemical should be spread prior to or during rain during the summer. The use of this material in combination with other fertilizers may result in problems of physical quality.Click on the link below to read more:Urea ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Thu, 13 Apr 2023 01:58:19 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/2-ethylhexanol-mmpenhvrxwgl 2-Ethylhexanol is a flammable liquid, which in contact with a strong oxidizer may cause a fire. The appearance of this compound is a clear, colorless liquid from the alcohol family, which is almost insoluble in water but dissolves well in most aqueous solvents.2-EthylhexanolWhat is 2-Ethylhexanol?It is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol, which is widely used in many applications such as solvents, flavorings, and aromatics, and especially as a precursor in the production of other chemicals such as emollients. This substance is insoluble in water and has a lower density than water. Although isooctanol (and the derivative isoxyl prefix) is commonly used in industry to refer to 2-ethylhexanol and its derivatives, IUPAC nomenclature conventions dictate that this name properly refers to another isomer of octanol, 6-methyl heptane- 1- Apply first.Table of technical specifications of 2-EthylhexanolProduct Name 2-Ethylhexanol The chemical formula of 2-Ethylhexanol C8H18O Appearance Clear colorless liquid Molar mass 130.23g/mol Classification Alcohols Density 833 kg/m³ Boiling point 184.7 °C Melting point -76 °C2-Ethylhexanol production method2-Ethylhexanol is industrially produced by condensation of aldol n-butyraldehyde followed by hydrogenation of the resulting hydroxyaldehyde. About 2,500,000 tons are prepared in this way every year.Click on the link below to read more:2-Ethylhexanol ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Thu, 06 Apr 2023 21:35:22 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/cetostearyl-alcohol-pttbeaklayun Cetostearyl Alcohol, stearyl alcohol, or cetylstearyl alcohol, is a mixture of fatty alcohols, consisting mostly of acetyl (16°C) and stearyl (18°C) alcohols, and is classified as a fatty alcohol.The source of cetostearyl alcohol is natural products such as vegetables and synthetic chemical compounds. This material is used as an emulsion stabilizer, matting agent and surfactant, foam enhancer, and also as an aqueous and non-aqueous viscosity-increasing agent.This fatty alcohol contains 10-35% cetyl alcohol and 65-90% stearyl alcohol as well as some long or short-chain alcohols. This compound is insoluble in water, but it is soluble in polar solvents, alcohol, and petroleum substances, and it is incompatible with strong oxidizers and metal salts.Cetostearyl AlcoholTable of technical specifications of cetostearyl alcoholChemical formula of cetostearyl alcoholn C34H72O2 = variable, typically 14-16Melting point48°C – 56°CBoiling point249°CDissolvabilitySoluble in oil, insoluble in waterAppearanceWhite waxy solidSmellOdorlessProduction of cetostearyl alcoholAlcohol is a kind of waxy substance and it is naturally obtained from palm oil or coconut oil, but it is also produced synthetically in the laboratory. cetostearyl alcohol is also known by different names such as C16-18 alcohol.Click on the link below to read more:Cetostearyl Alcohol ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Thu, 06 Apr 2023 21:33:07 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/liquid-paraffin-yugrgxqpkadv Liquid Paraffin Wax is a milky liquid composition and is used for washing powder, synthetic detergents, synthetic petroleum proteins, emulsifier pesticides, etc. In the liquid paraffin industry, it is considered a subcategory of lubricants, because it is a type of liquid oil. In fact, this chemical is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons.Liquid ParaffinWhat is liquid paraffin?Refined and very pure paraffin is called liquid paraffin or white oil or kerosene. This material is white or transparent in appearance. The boiling point of this substance is 175 degrees Celsius and its evaporation point is 265 degrees Celsius.Sanitary paraffin, which is used in pharmaceuticals to make ointments and creams, is also called pharmaceutical-grade liquid paraffin. This paraffin is a very pure mineral oil that is used in the production of various cosmetics and also for medical purposes.Production of liquid paraffinLiquid paraffin is obtained from the distillation of petroleum derivatives. This material is sold in two forms: colorless oily liquid or white oily liquid.Click on the link below to read more:Liquid Paraffin ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Thu, 06 Apr 2023 21:29:21 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/2-butoxyethanol-butyl-glycol-lyafgeqqyhns Butyl glycol is known as BG, 2-butoxyethanol, glycol monobutyl ether and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether. It is a glycol ether with moderate surfactant properties, which can be used as a solvent. In fact, butyl glycol is a natural alcohol that is extracted from petroleum. This compound is a colorless, water-soluble liquid that has a sweet, ether-like odor because it comes from the glycol ether family, and is an ether butyrate of ethylene glycol.2-butoxyethanol - Butyl glycolWhat is 2-butoxyethanol?Since their use in the 1930s, glycol ethers are solvents that dissolve both water-soluble and hydrophobic materials. Glycol ethers consist of two components, alcohol, and ether. According to the nature of alcohol, molecules of this class can be divided into two groups: E series and P series, which correspond to ethylene and propylene, respectively. Glycol ethers are chosen for specific purposes such as solubility, flammability, and volatility.2-Butoxyethanol is miscible in water and dissolves in most organic solvents. This substance is known as a relatively non-volatile and inexpensive solvent. Also, due to its properties as a surfactant, it is used in many household and industrial products.In sensitive individuals, 2-butoxyethanol may be irritating to the skin, eyes, or nasal passages, but it is the least irritating of the glycols. In fact, this glycol is not associated with any specific organ toxicity and, unlike ethylene glycol, is not considered carcinogenic.Table of technical specifications of 2-butoxyethanolProduct Name 2-Butoxyethanol The chemical formula of butyl glycol C6H14O2 Molecular mass 118.17 g/mol Appearance colorless transparent liquid Density 0.890 g/cm3 Melting point -77 °C Boiling point 171 °C Viscosity at 25°C 2.9 cPClick on the link below to read more:2-butoxyethanol - Butyl glycol ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Thu, 06 Apr 2023 21:26:49 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/paraffin-oil-w6lg5dllyouw Abraham Gessner, a Canadian geologist, first distilled kerosene from coal in 1846. Kerosene, also called paraffin or paraffin oil, is a flammable and clear liquid that is distilled from oil. It is a mixture of different hydrocarbons and is less volatile than gasoline.Paraffin oil is not the same as liquid paraffin. Paraffin oil is a yellow or clear colorless liquid, often known as mineral oil. This substance is colorless and odorless and is obtained from the distillation of crude oil. Paraffin oil is divided into two types, light and general, which have a low viscosity ratio of light mineral oil. Paraffin oil does not contain aromatic hydrocarbons and environmental protection. This product is marketed in pharmaceutical or health, food or edible and industrial grades and has various uses. Industrial-grade paraffin oil does not pollute the environment.This product is marketed in the pharmaceutical, food, rubber, and plastic industries, cosmetics, and health industries and has various applications. Paraffin oil does not contain aromatic hydrocarbons and environmental protection. It does not pollute the environment in industrial applications.Paraffin OilWhat is Paraffin?Paraffin is a saturated hydrocarbon compound in which all carbon atoms are connected to each other with simple bonds and other bonds are saturated with hydrogen atoms.  Kinds of paraffin or paraffinic hydrocarbons are also called alkanes. This material are the main components of natural gas and oil. Paraffin has the chemical formula CnH2n+2, where the letter C is a carbon atom, H is a hydrogen atom, and n is an integer. Paraffin is obtained from petroleum derivatives. This petroleum composition exists in two forms, liquid and solid.The cost of producing paraffin was high, but when new sources of paraffin and cheaper methods of refining were discovered, the price of the fuel changed dramatically and came down. Paraffin retains a lot of heat.Types of Paraffinliquid paraffinSolid paraffinHistory of ParaffinParaffin wax was first discovered in 1830 by Carl von Reichenbach, a German chemist. He tried to produce a device that can be used to separate and purify the waxy substances that are naturally present in oil.Click on the link below to read more:Paraffin Oil ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Thu, 06 Apr 2023 21:22:32 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/o-xylene-and-m-xylene-iw1brfjb5lm0 o-Xylene (Ortho-Xylene) is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C6H4 (CH3) 2, which is mainly extracted from crude oil. Ortho-Xylene is the same xylene with methyl groups in its 1 and 2 positions. Xylene is a colorless and flammable liquid with a sweet smell that exists in the form of 3 isomers of Meta, Ortho, and Para-Xylene. o-Xylene is the second functional isomer of xylene used to make PVC plastic. Industrial xylene is not only used as a solvent and additive in the rubber and coatings industry, but also as an additive in aviation fuel.The Ortho, Meta, and Para-Xylene isomers isolated from this compound are phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalate acid, respectively. Phthalic acid and terephthalic acid are used in the production of plastics, polyester resins, and polyester fibers.Petroleum contains about 1% xylene, and most Ortho-Xylene is produced by petroleum cracking. The net production of this material in 2019 was about 500,000 tons.o-Xylene is originally produced from coal, but currently, most of its domestic and foreign production is mainly done through modified catalytic extraction of oil and the thermal cracking of aromatic hydrocarbons.o-Xylene and m-XyleneApplications of o-Xyleneo-Xylene is the second commercial isomer of xylene, and almost all of it is used in the manufacture of phthalic anhydride (PA), which has three main uses, including the use in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resins, the production of unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs). and making alkyl resins that are used for surface coatings.Ortho-Xylene in industrial xylene has a difference of more than 5.2 degrees Celsius from other isomers, and this substance can be obtained with a purity of 95% by careful distillation. Its further processing using sulfonation and distillation for purification can give us a substance with greater purity.This compound is an inexpensive raw material for the production of phthalic anhydride, which has a high yield potential and is used as a precursor to many products, drugs, and other chemicals.This compound is mainly used as a chemical raw material and solvent, and it can be used to produce dyes, pesticides, drugs, vitamins, and as chromatography standards.o-Xylene is the raw material for the production of pheniramine microbicide, tetrachlorophenyl peptide, and benzofuran methyl herbicide. This material is used as an intermediate for the production of O-methyl benzoic acid.Click on the link below to read more:o-Xylene and m-Xylene ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Thu, 06 Apr 2023 20:47:41 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/snow-white-texapon-sodium-lauryl-sulfate-sls-itarzlvykvwf Sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium lauryl sulfate, sometimes written as sodium lauryl sulfate, is a synthetic organic compound with the formula CH₃(CH2) ₁₁SO₄Na. It is also known as or Snow-White Texapon.This anionic surfactant is used in many cleaning and hygiene products. This molecule is an organosulfur and a salt.Sodium laureth sulfate, an accepted contraction of sodium lauryl ether sulfate, is an anionic detergent and surfactant found in many personal care products. SLES is a cheap and very effective foaming agent.This composition is in solid form and has a relatively high melting point, which is used to create the desired state of an intermediate paste composition. It is easily consumed in cold processes and creates a shell-like state. Snow -White Texapon is a mixture of Texapon and EGMS/EGDS. In fact, it is the main agent of shelling. This Texapon is responsible for spreading and unfirming the oyster particles. The shape and size of oyster particles have an effect on their stability.Snow-White Texapon - Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)Technical specification table Snow-White Texaponname of the material Snow-White Texapon The chemical formula NaC12H25SO4 Molecular weight 288.372 g/mol IUPAC identifier Sodium lauryl sulfate Density 1.01 g/cm2 other anions Sodium laurate sulfate, sodium myrate sulfate.Application of sodium dodecyl sulfate in Snow-White TexaponSodium dodecyl sulfate, molecular biology grade (SDS), is a detergent known to denature proteins.This material is used in non-induction polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine protein molecular weight.It appears as a food additive or its synonym sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), this compound is a safe substance known for food use. It is used as an emulsifier.In the production of detergent liquids that have a special shine in their shape, such as liquid soap, shampoos, laundry detergents, dishwashing detergents, and toothpaste.Click on the link below to read more:Snow-White Texapon - Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Thu, 06 Apr 2023 14:29:19 +0330 https://virgool.io/iranmarket/calcium-hypochlorite-perchlorine-aml6gekbq2po Perchlorine or calcium hypochlorite is a white substance with disinfection properties that is used to disinfect water, vegetables, fruits, dishes, bathrooms, toilets, and contaminated places. The purity percentage or degree of purity of chlorine powder is 60-70%.Perchlorine is a chemical compound containing the perchlorate ion, −ClO. The name of Ayupak is calcium hypochlorite. This material is sold in powder form in 45 kg gallon packages. Chlorine white powder has 33.5% to 39% chlorine, and calcium hypochlorite granules or powdered chlorine has 65 to 70% chlorine by weight.What is calcium hypochlorite?Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with the formula Ca(OCl)2. This material is the main active ingredient of commercial products called bleaching powder, chlorine powder, or chlorine lime, which is used for water purification and as a bleaching agent. This compound is relatively stable and has more available chlorine than sodium hypochlorite (liquid bleach). Its appearance is a white solid. Due to its slow decomposition in humid air, it smells strongly of chlorine.In chemistry, hypochlorite is the anion with the chemical formula ClO2. It combines with several cations to form hypochlorites, which may also be considered salts of hypochlorous acid. Common examples include sodium hypochlorite (a dishwashing liquid or household bleach) and calcium hypochlorite (except bleaching powder, swimming pool “chlorine”).What is perchlorate?Most perchlorates are commercial salts. Perchlorates are colorless solids that are soluble in water. Perchlorate anion is the result of the dissociation of perchloric acid and its salts when dissolved in water. Many perchlorate salts are soluble in non-aqueous compounds. Perchlorate ion is the least reactive of the generalized chlorates. Perchlorate contains chlorine at its highest oxidation number. The table of reduction potentials of four chlorates shows that, contrary to expectation, perchlorate is the weakest oxidant among these four chlorates.Perchlorate and chlorate are stronger oxidizers under acidic conditions than under basic conditions. Most perchlorate compounds, especially salts of electropositive metals such as sodium perchlorate or potassium perchlorate, do not oxidize unless heated.Click on the link below to read more:Calcium Hypochlorite - Perchlorine ایران مارکت ایران مارکت Thu, 06 Apr 2023 14:21:55 +0330